In the solar atmosphere direct currents are generated when the magnetic field is moved in the same direction for a long period of time. But what will systematically move the magnetic field for a long period? The convective motions in and below the photosphere can do this!
Which types of systematic motion can the convective motions produce?
There are basically two different motions. From the center of the convection cell and out towards the cell boundary the motions is nearly straight. When it reaches the boundary there are a number of eddies where the cold plasma sinks back into the sun. Each of these motions may give rise to generation of direct currents that can be used to heat the corona.
The eddy motion may drive a kink instability, while the systematic motions may braid the magnetic field.
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