SUNBLOCK99 - TOPICS

Below is an outline of the topics and their relevance to the GCSE physics and chemistry syllabuses. The references are to sections in the National Curriculum (NC), (Key Stage, KS, 3 and 4): numbers are the section and letters the subsection (PP - physical processes, MP - materials and their properties).


 
1) Fingerprints on the Sun (UV and X-ray spectra)
   ---------------------------------------------
 
   Radiation                                3h, 5c (KS4 PP)
   Light and colour                         3g (KS3 PP) 
   The electro-magnetic spectrum            3h (KS4 PP)
   Atomic structure                         1a-m (KS4 MP)
   Ions                                     1i,j (KS4 MP), 1q (KS4 PP)
   Element abundances                       3a-d (KS4 MP)
   Periodic table                           3a-k (KS4 MP)   

2) Eclipse 99 - What is the Corona? 
   -------------------------------
  
   Positions of Earth, Moon, Sun             4b (KS PP), 4a (KS4 PP)

3) Hot and cool loops (active regions)
   -----------------------------------

   Magnetism                                 1r (KS4 PP)
   Heat and thermal energy                   5c (KS3 PP)
   Measurement of temperature 
          - sizes and scales                 5e (KS3), 5a (KS4)
   
4) Fireflies (X-ray bright points)
   -------------------------------

   Magnetism, magnetic forces, bar magnets   1v (KS4 PP)
   Energy : electric                         5c (KS3 PP)
            heat                             5a-d (KS4 PP)   

5) Explosions on the Sun (flares)
   ------------------------------

   Magnetism, magnetic forces, bar magnets   1v (KS4 PP)
   Energy : electric                         5c (KS3 PP)
            heat                             5a-d (KS4 PP)   
            kinetic                          5h (KS4 PP)

6) Coronal Mass Ejections
   ----------------------

   Velocity, acceleration                    2c (KS4 PP), 2d (KS4 PP)

7) Coronal holes and the solar wind
   --------------------------------
 
   Magnetism, bar magnet                     1v (KS4 PP) 
   Velocity, acceleration                    2c (KS4 PP), 2d (KS4 PP)
   Evaporation                               1a-c (KS3 MP?)
   
8) Coronal heating
   ---------------

   Transverse and longtitudinal waves        3c (KS4 PP)
      
9)  Under the Surface (convection zone) 
   -----------------------------------

   Heat transfer - convection                5c (KS4 PP)

10) Ringing like a bell (solar oscillations)
   ----------------------------------------

   Sound waves                               3m,3n (KS3 PP), 3a,e,f (KS4 PP) 
   Seismic waves (on the Earth)              3m (KS4)

11) Solar core
    ----------
   
   Nuclear energy                             ??
   
12) The Sun/Earth connection (space weather)
    ----------------------------------------

   Sizes and scales                           4b (KS3 PP), 4a (KS4 PP) 
   global change/UV radiation                 3i (KS4 PP), Human environment.
   
13) Out in Space (solar spacecraft)
    -------------------------------

   Rocket engines                             2g (KS4 PP) 
   Gravity                                    2h, i (KS4 PP)
   Newton's Laws                              2e, f, g (KS4 PP)

    
14) The Sun - Our Star
    ------------------

   How stars evolve                           4c (KS4 PP) 

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Note in addition that there are specific sections of the NC 
related to:

The Earth and beyond, which covers:

KS3:

  a) that the apparent daily and annual movement of the Sun
     and other stars is caused by the movement of the Earth;

  b) the relative positions of the Earth, Sun and planets
     in the solar system;

  c) that graviational forces determine the movements of planets
     around the Sun;

  d) that the Sun and other stars are light sources and that
     planets and other bodies are seen by reflected light;

  e) that artificial satellites can be used to observe the Earth
     and explore the solar system.

KS4:

  a) the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, Sun, planets
     and other bodies in the Universe;

  b) the gravitational forces determine the movements of planets,
     moons, comets and satellites;

  c) how stars evolve over a long time-scale

  d) about some ideas used to explain the evolution of the Universe
     into its present state